The thermodynamic properties of Ca–Bi alloys were determined by electromotive force (emf)
measurements to assess the suitability of Ca–Bi electrodes for electrochemical energy
storage applications. Emf was measured at ambient pressure as a function of temperature
between 723K and 1173K using a Ca (s)| CaF2 (s)| Ca (in Bi) cell for twenty different Ca–Bi
alloys spanning the entire range of composition from xCa= 0 to 1. Reported are the
temperature-independent partial molar entropy and enthalpy of calcium for each Ca–Bi …

Abstract Thermodynamic properties of Ba-Bi alloys, including the activity, partial molar
entropy and enthalpy, were determined using the electromotive force (emf) technique for
fourteen compositions, x Ba= 0.05–0.80. Emf measurements were performed at ambient
pressure using a Ba (s)| CaF 2-BaF 2| Ba (in Bi) or Ba-Bi (x Ba= 0.05)| CaF 2-BaF 2| Ba (in
Bi) electrochemical cells at 723–1073 K. At 773 K, activity values of Ba were as low as 6.6×
10− 16 at mole fraction x Ba= 0.05 and approached unity for mole fractions x Ba≥ 0.80 …