Time synchronization in communication networks provides a common time frame among all
nodes, thus supporting various network functions such as message transmission, channel
scheduling and resource sharing in real-time and in correct order. In vehicular ad-hoc
networks (VANETs) for connected and automated vehicles, network nodes must be
synchronized to exchange time-critical vehicle locations and warning messages for various
road safety applications. However, this is challenging as the data communication systems …

Time synchronization in communication networks provides a common time frame among all
nodes, thussupporting various network functions such as message transmission, channel
scheduling and resourcesharing in real-time and in correct order. In vehicular ad-hoc
networks (VANETs) for connected andautomated vehicles, network nodes must be
synchronized to exchange time-critical vehicle locationsand warning messages for various
road safety applications. However, this is challenging as the datacommunication systems …