the transient-stability constrained optimal power flow (TSCOPF) problem. Optimal power
flow (OPF) with transient-stability constraints considered is formulated as an extended OPF
with additional rotor angle inequality constraints. For this nonlinear optimisation problem, the
objective function is defined as minimising the total fuel cost of the system. The proposed
PSO-based approach is demonstrated and compared with conventional OPF as well as a …