Despite their negative externalities, cars provide many benefits. Chief among these is the
ability to travel to destinations within a reasonable time budget. Consequently, in the US
most households—even low-income households—own and use automobiles. But
technological innovations may be altering this dynamic. New technology-facilitated services
and activities may reduce the advantages of private vehicle ownership, potentially allowing
households to live car-free or downsize their household vehicle fleets. In this study we use …