We estimate treatment costs associated with diarrheal disease and all-cause pneumonia among children under-5 years of age in Colombia and assess similarities or differences with previous cost estimations in developing countries of the Americas.

Macro-costing methods were used to carry out an analysis of diarrhea and all-cause pneumonia costs in Colombia in 2010. The perspective of the health care system was taken. Data were extracted from a health insurer database that includes information on health service utilization among 130,800 children from low-income households. Lengths of stay for hospital admissions and frequencies of cases at all levels of care registered in the database were estimated.

There were 1456 diarrheal disease cases among the 130,800 children (aged≥ 60 months) included in the study. The median cost per case was 27.10(interquartilerangeIQR: 15.60–77.40). A total of 1545 all-cause pneumonia cases were reported to the insurer in 2010, resulting in a frequency of 1181 cases per 100,000 children (95% confidence interval CI= 1122, 1240). The overall cost of all-cause pneumonia cases was 858,791,andthemediancostpercasetreatedwas 263 (IQR: 27–546).Comparisonsbylevelofcareshowedthatcostsweresignificantlydifferentforthetwodiseases(p<.05).Costsforthediseasesdidnotdifferbyagegroup(p>.05).

Diarrheaandall-causepneumoniaconstituteasignificanteconomicandhealthburdeninColombia.Therelativelylargesizeofoursampleallowedustoprovidereliablenationalestimatesofthecostsassociatedwiththesediseases.OurresultsforColombiaaresimilartopreviousestimatesfromdevelopingcountriesintheAmericas.Thesedataprovidevalidestimatesthatmaybeuseddecisionmakersinothercountriestomakeappropriaterecommendationsontheintroductionofrotavirusandpneumococcalvaccines.