Results: An example of an in-phase far-field pattern generated when current is injected to all
three contacts is shown in Fig. 3. There is one dominant lobe in the interference pattern,
which is emitted perpendicular to the surface of the VCSEL. For equal current supplied to the
three contacts, the total threshold current is approximately 4.5 mA. Other combinations of
current values to each of the three lasers were examined as listed in Table 1. The angle of
peak emission measured in the far-field for each of these combinations that produce a single …

… Abstract: By controlling injection current to each of three elements in a coherently coupled
implant-defined triangular vertical cavity laser array, we are able to steer the main lobe of
emission in two dimensions. … In this work, we demonstrate for the first time three-element
VCSEL arrays defined by proton implantation that exhibit two-dimensional electronic beam-steering
through control of the current injection to each laser. It has been shown that varying the current
to each laser in a one-dimensional photonic crystal … In summary, we have shown …