importance, with applications ranging from surface nanostructuring 1 to synthesis of
chemically clean colloidal nanoparticles of high demand in the fields of biomedicine and
catalysis 2,3 . Yet, despite the practical relevance, the fundamental understanding of … The
initial stage of the ablation process at the origin of the emergence of the cavitation bubble
and the nanoparticles, however, has largely remained beyond reach for in situ experimental …