(PVDF) for future Underwater Internet of Things (IOT) communications. Incorporation of
nanopore structures allow transducers mechanically compliant and a mean for tuning
acoustic impedance as acoustic receivers. By sacrificial etching of zinc oxide (ZnO)
nanoparticles embedded in PVDF during film preparation, the nanoporous PVDF shows
smaller Young's modulus and enhanced β-phase formation. The porous membrane has …