… enhancement of transdermal transport by ultrasound is reviewed. After a brief discussion of
the physics of ultrasound … low‐frequency ultrasound on the transport of substances across the …

… Tachibana [41, 55] reported that the use of low-frequency ultrasound (48 kHz) enhanced
transdermal transport of insulin across diabetic rat skin. Merino et al. [18] compared the …

… ultrasound to validate that the previously ascertained results were applicable to transdermal
transport. … that dual-frequency SP enhanced the percutaneous transport of glucose ( Figure …

… However, we found that 1 MHz ultrasound enhanced estradiol transdermal transport by a
factor of 13, whereas 3 MHz ultrasound enhanced transport only by 50% (compare cases 1 …

… The aims of this work were: (i) to examine the role of ultrasound (US) frequency and
intensity on the transport of glucose and mannitol across porcine skin in vitro, (ii) to quantify the …

… the mechanisms of ultrasound-permeability enhancement, and … of ultrasound are discussed.
It is stressed that developing … for the purpose of visualizing the localized transport regions. …

… chemical enhancers and ultrasound can each individually increase transdermal drug transport,
we … and ultrasound may result in a greater enhancement than that resulting from each …

… The authors theorized that the enhanced transdermal transport in the course of low-frequency
ultrasound application occurs through the keratinocytes rather than the hair follicles. They …

… Hence we study the dependence of transdermal transport enhancement as well as
cavitation on ultrasound parameters including intensity, duty cycle and exposure time. …

… a transdermal delivery … enhancement from drug to drug. This paper also presents an equation
to qualitatively predict whether therapeutic ultrasound may enhance transdermal transport …