ABSTRACT COVID-19 can affect the entire population, but it poses an increased risk for
particular population groups. Socioeconomic and demographic factors, as well as long-term
health conditions, can make populations vulnerable to adverse health outcomes and
mortality related to COVID-19. This study uses geospatial methods to visualise metrics of
vulnerability to COVID-19 in New Zealand. Based on Ministry of Health guidelines,
nationwide data on risk factors included age, ethnicity, population density, socioeconomic …

COVID-19 can affect the entire population, but it poses an increased risk for particular
population groups. Socioeconomic and demographic factors, as well as long-term health
conditions, can make populations vulnerable to adverse health outcomes and mortality
related to COVID-19. This study uses geospatial methods to visualise metrics of vulnerability
to COVID-19 in New Zealand. Based on Ministry of Health guidelines, nationwide data on
risk factors included age, ethnicity, population density, socioeconomic deprivation, smoking …