… the implementation of universal service is … universal service experiences that have reached
some appreciable level of maturity, most notably in telecommunications and postal services…

… The concept of “universal service obligation” (USO) has … services be included in the definition
of universal services? The … ” and moving directly to alternative services. In this ubiquitous …

… several alternative universal service programs that states may adopt. Overall, we find that
universal service programs that base subsidy dollars on the cost of providing service have little …

… Universal service in telephone history The universality of telephone service is generally …
examines the historical claims of what it terms the ideology of universal service. it shows that a …

… Quite interestingly, this document also recommends universal service support for institutions
like schools and libraries (irrespective of their location).Here the redistributive character of …

… Universal Service Obligation (U80) and its relationship to the Reserved Area for Postal Service…
franchise for services in its Reserved Area R and offers services in a possibly larger set of …

… the concepts of ‘services of general interest’, ‘services of general economic interest’, and ‘universal
services’. The remainder of this section then focuses on universal services only and …

… “universal service” fund. This procedure can be illustrated by means of a basic example,
summarized in Table 1. The incumbent offers a retail service to … Universal service obligations …

… We argue that existing theoretical analyzes do not address the issue of universal service …
to alleviate additional costs caused by universal service obligations, have strategic effects, and …

… universal service policy would result in gains to the economy of as much as $7 billion a year.
The concept of universal service … actually being extended to new services, such as Internet …