… completely consumed during the spread process, and we study planar two-dimensional
upward spread at scales large ･ｮｯｵｾｨ for the flow to be turbulent. The systematic measurements …

… Therefore, despite the complexity of combustion of char-forming materials, our understanding
of their processes of upward turbulent flame spread has progressed considerably. …

… flame spread on materials from laboratory measurements. It focuses on heat transfer which
precipitates and precedes upward flame spread … Their flame spread properties are presented. …

… an analysis of laminar flame spread up thermallythick solids has shown tha~, flame and
pyrol3~… flame studi~s apply only tt~ flame heights less than 10 cm where transitiou to turbulence …

… provided to form a one-dimensional upward turbulent flame spread. However, a wall fire …
For turbulent flames without sidewalls, the loss of pyrolyzate and heat around the sides are …

… length scale for upward flame spread. It is also found that the continuous flame is not a …
the unburnt fuel and is not really appropriate to define flame height in upward flame spread. …

… upward turbulent flame spread along a vertical combustible surface based on a concept of
ignition and flame spread … line burners to represent the wall flame heat transfer as a function …

… An existing upward flame spread model was modified to allow these two correlations to be
… to a better understanding and more robust correlations for modelling upward flame spread. …

… a fuel surface on upward flame spread. While investigation of upward spread over solid fuels
… fuel samples it was found that the maximum flame-spread rate, occurring nearly in a vertical …

… upward turbulent flame spread along vertical strips of fabric, s The complexity of the problem
of upward spread … -controlling for moderate and rapid upward spread, 3) neglect of details of …