The detailed surface analysis such as survey scan, core-level, and valence band spectra of
highly luminescent ZnO: Na nanocrystals were studied using the x-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy to establish the performed presence of Na+ ions. The observed increase in
band gap from 3.30 (bulk) to 4.16 eV (nano), is attributed to the quantum confinement of the
motion of electron and holes in all three directions. The photoluminescence and decay
measurements have complemented and supported our study to design an efficient and …