… variation in the timing of breeding, results in considerable uncertainty in the amount of UV-B
to which amphibian embryos may be exposed. Ultraviolet radiation incident on the Earth's …

… maculata breeding behavior in Colorado with no tests of how UV-B affected amphibian
embryos. In contrast, Kiesecker et al. (2001) measured both of these factors directly at a specific …

… of ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation, combined with year-to-year variation in amphibian breeding
phenology, introduces considerable variability in the UV-B exposures to amphibians. The …

… of absorbance; after UVB exposure, embryos with their jelly … and developing embryos deposited
in aquatic breeding sites … UVB radiation, although the importance of realistic variables in …

… In the present study, we chronically exposed larvae of the … effect was present for any variables
assessed in Experiment 2). … Drivers of amphibian declines: effects of ultraviolet radiation …

… habitat variables. We developed pond categories because individual habitat variables were
often … of UV-B can reduce the survival of amphibian embryos, the results are difficult to link to …

… of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR; 280–315 nm) to amphibian population … Variable
breeding phenology affects the exposure of amphibian embryos to ultraviolet radiation …

… variable temperatures that can influence breeding … pond environment on wood frog embryos
were likely limited. Given … tolerance, along with the limited exposure of embryos to the natal …

… We predicted that the effects ofUV-B radiation on eggs and embryos would vary according
to … Eggs often attached to stiff submerged stem/variable exposure Eggs laid in open shallow …

… variables influence the timing of breeding phenology of the common frog, and explore the
threats that amphibians … physiological thresholds affecting the survival of embryos exposed to …