climate system and a future collapse would have severe impacts on the climate in the North
Atlantic region. In recent years weakening in circulation has been reported, but assessments
by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), based on the Climate Model
Intercomparison Project (CMIP) model simulations suggest that a full collapse is unlikely
within the 21st century. Tipping to an undesired state in the climate is, however, a growing …