reactors, but their effects are mitigated by specific designs and redundancy. Besides
characterizing radiation faults, X-rays can be intentionally used to modify IC behavior. This
study demonstrates inducing semi-permanent faults in 28 nm technology node transistors
using a 50-nm nanoprobe beam from the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Precise
X-ray flux control enables targeted perturbation of transistors without invasive attacks …