We report on scalable and position-controlled optical nanoprobe arrays using ZnO nanotube
waveguides on graphene films for use in local optical excitation. For the waveguide
fabrication, position-controlled and well-ordered ZnO nanotube arrays were grown on
chemical vapor deposited graphene films with a submicron patterned mask layer and Au
prepared between the interspace of nanotubes. Mammalian cells were cultured on the
nanotube waveguide arrays and were locally excited by light illuminated through the …