Zoos have been in existence for over three thousand years (Alexander, 1979). The first recorded zoo dates from the 15th century BC, where Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt is reputed to have had an extensive palace menagerie (Alexander, 1992). However, the first modern zoos were founded in Europe–in Paris and Vienna in the 18th century–and these were followed by major zoos in London and Berlin in the 19th century (Jamieson, 1985). The first American zoos were set up in Cincinnati and Philadelphia in the 1870s (Jamieson, 1985). In the early 1990s there were in excess of 10,000 zoos worldwide (Kotler & Kotler, 1998), with most in Europe, North America and Australia. An increasing number, however, are being set up in developing countries (ZooNet, 1998). There has been growing concern in the past 20 years or so about animal welfare when wildlife is in captivity, and this has led to a re-examination of the purpose and function of zoos (Bostock, 1993; Davis, 1996). This research note provides an overview of the aims and roles of zoos, outlines the nature of zoos as tourist attractions and provides a brief profile of zoo visitors. In suggesting a new research agenda, the article examines issues about the future of zoos, including questions concerning their potential as ecotourism attractions and their possible contribution to more sustainable tourism. It also discusses conflicts that may exist between the educational, scientific and entertainment roles of zoos.