… of cognitive reserve and illustrate its utility in explaining individual differences in cognitive
aging… that the aging brain possesses some sort of “cognitive reserve”, with which to reduce the …

… There are two kinds of reserve that have been reported to make … face of brain injury: brain
reserve and cognitive reserve. Brain reserve refers to quantitative measures such as brain size […

… brain reserve. In terms of neuroimaging, cognitive reserve is thought to be reflected in neural
reserve … Neural reserve provides young, healthy individuals the ability to process tasks with …

… Cognitive reserve and brain maintenance: orthogonal concepts in theory and practice. … ,
this study found that cognitive reserve and brain reserve are uncorrelated, suggesting they are …

… cognitive abilities or day-to-day function to brain aging, pathology or insult. At the brain level
of analysis, cognitive reserve … more adaptable functional brain processes. . . . Differences in …

The final decade of the 1900s was called the Decade of the Brain, in recognition of advances
in science and technology that provided unprecedented views of the human brain in action …

This research is an integrative review of scientific evidence differentiating between cognitive
reserve (CR) and brain maintenance concepts. Thus, we have examined how CR socio-…

… areas where the direction of slope in the relationship between cognitive reserve … , brain
volume and brain function As an attempt to integrate the relationships between cognitive reserve, …

… reconcile patterns of brain aging derived from … brain aging, the ‘‘cognitive reserve hypothesis’’
(Stern, 2002), may have implications for understanding the evolution of the hominid brain, …

… to cognitive reserve and cognitive resilience, we introduce maintenance of cognitive reserve
as a parallel to brain … If, however, education is the measure of reserve in older adults, it …