… Current technology has a difficult time providing security in smart city … in smart cities and
analyze potential security concerns in the integration of blockchain technology into smart city …

… Abstract—In this paper, we explore the attack surfaces in open source … Attacks such as
insider threats, DNS attacks, private key attacks, and certificate authority (CA) attacks …

… attack surface and cryptography-related issues. In our paper, we intend to provide detailed
overview based on literature of smart cities’ … affect data and information security in smart cities. …

… not used as part of our attack tree; rather, they are for descriptive purposes only.) Each attack
surface category will make up a different nested branch on the attack tree. For the kill chain …

… [31] proposed an SDN-based security architecture for IoT covering large IoT deployment,
like smart cities, with huge network traffic and security concerns. The authors claimed that the …

… This paper highlights the vulnerabilities with associated attacks for the smart cities and
presents the open issues such as up-to-date requirements for security and challenges which …

… We identify five forms of vulnerabilities with respect to smart city technologies, detail the …
called “attack surfaces”— the set of ways that a system might be susceptible to an attack (Bellovin…

… for classification of attack surfaces and vectors in … attack, vulnerability, and resilience in the
context of CASC security. (2) We develop multiple schemes for classification of attack surfaces …

… context of IoT components operational in smart cities and present a Ransomware Risk …
smart cities to draw conclusions and highlight viable attack vectors for future ransomware attacks. …

… can derive attack surfaces for IoT devices. Let us discuss the possible attack surfaces that …
This section discusses the tools and techniques of the IoT system based on the attack surfaces…