… In Section 4, we talk about the attack surfaces in an IoT system. Thereafter, we discuss the
… in Section 7 on secure energy management in Smart Grids. Finally, we conclude the article …

… smart grid cyber security, presenting a scalable framework for defining, ranking and externally
validating future smart grid … prioritises three salient threats to smart grid security in the near …

… attack surfaces in the AMI and the potential cyber-physical attacks for each attack surface. 2)
… In this section, we will review two main attack surfaces in the AMI including the smart meter …

… the smart grid … smart grid from both cyber and physical perspectives. •With the proposed
model, we investigate the possible attack surfaces and attack paths for security attacks on smart …

… Consequently, security updates should be deployed in a timely manner as unpatched
vulnerabilities increase their attack surface. Vulnerabilities based on shortcomings in the …

… on attack surface evaluation has been introduced by Manadhata and Wing [17], [16]. This work
defines a service’s attack surface … The relationship between excessive attack surface area …

… The interconnection of millions of field devices has created a huge attack surface while
associated vulnerabilities be remotely located across the CP domains; moreover, the interfaces in…

… in the field of cyber-physical attacks on the smart grid. The paper starts by discussing two …
to model a smart grid under attack. Then, a review of cyber-physical attacks on the smart grid is …

… of the attack surface of software. At the time, the phrase software attack surface was fairly …
have used Howard’s concept of the attack surface to discuss the overall security posture of …

… Abstract—The smart grid further intensifies the dependence of power system operation on
… This expansion increases the effective attack surface available to an adversary and exposes …