… ), the travel time T ( t ) consists of the free-flow travel time t f … at time t and s is the bottleneck
capacity, and the free-flow time … Note that the queue length at the bottleneck at time t is equal …

… time t , α is the value of time when the commuters are driving the AVs, β and γ are the
penalties for a unit time … of a unit AV self-driving time, w is the travel time needed to cover a unit …

… We assume that only when the travel time of the return trip is shorter than the activity duration
of … It must be noted that the travel cost does not consider the travel time of the empty vehicle …

… AVs are thought to provoke urban sprawl due to the lower transportation costs as well as to
the possibility of using the travel time to work, rest, etc. (Meyer et al., 2016). Besides, 70% of …

… The Distance Matrix API returns Google’s estimate of travel time given the provided trip
origin, destination, and departure time. Therefore, the congestion factor on relocation is …

… of travel time (VTT) due to drive-free travel of the … travel time by 25% when traveling in an
AV to capture potentially increased trip distances and shifts away from high-occupancy vehicles …

… commuters have identical preferred arrival time of 8:00 AM; (c) the bottleneck-constrained
road has a service capacity of 500 vehicles per hour and its free flow travel time is set to zero; …

… of autonomous, the average travel time of vehicles in the … autonomous is 100 %, the average
travel time is the least, reduced by 46.1 s, or 23.38 %, compared with the all ordinary vehicle …

… The introduction of connected and autonomous vehicles will bring changes to the highway
driving environment. Connected vehicle technology provides real-time information about the …

… the maximum travel time of all vehicles entering into an optimization cycle. The travel time is
… 1 if the vehicle is not cleared by the intersection and 0 if the vehicle leaves the intersection.(1…