… In order to make a cryogenic sapphire oscillator useful for VLBI we need to derive a 10
MHz signal from the CSO with optimum stability and minimum drift relative to the national …

… Cryogenic sapphire oscillators (CSOs) cooled with a closed … from this work that the cryocooled
sapphire oscillator (cryoCSO) can … However, these oscillators do not operate repeatably at …

The cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) is a highly specialized machine, which delivers a
microwave reference signal exhibiting the lowest frequency fluctuations [Allan deviation (ADEV…

This article reports on the characterization of cryogenic sapphire oscillators (CSOs), and on
the first test of a CSO in a real field installation, where ultimate frequency stability and …

… The best drift rates reported to date for cryogenic sapphire oscillators constructed by other
… −15 between 1 and 10 s has been demonstrated for a pair of cryogenic sapphire oscillators. …

… are provided by three cryogenic sapphire oscillators (CSOs) … frequency stability of cryogenic
sapphire oscillators at the 10−… long baseline interferometry using a cryocooled sapphire …

… and construction of cryogenic sapphire oscillators at the … from its beginnings when sapphire
oscillators were first developed … construction of an interrogation oscillator for the PHARAO Cs …

… has been to develop a local oscillator (LO) for very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) radio
as… time intervals using a cryogenic sapphire oscillator as the LO will result in clearer images. …

… In this paper, different dividers are reported to get 5 MHz from the 100 MHz signal of a
Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator. The residual phase noise has been measured for different …

… in microwave oscillators based on liquid helium cooled sapphire resonators … cryogenic
sapphire oscillators were built to evaluate their stability at short averaging times. These oscillators …