… , the role of biological therapies in the treatment of these two … the limits of the main biological
therapies ever tested in GCA … If a biological therapy is indicated, and in light of the data …

… Takayasu arteritis patients who were refractory to conventional immunosuppressive (IS)
drugs and received biologic treatment were included in this multicenter retrospective cohort …

… activity are essential for the management of Takayasu arteritis (TA). Since … biologic drugs
including TNF inhibitors, rituximab and tocilizumab seem to be promising. Antiplatelet treatment …

… biologic agents are used in Takayasu arteritis (TAK), corticosteroids are still the mainstay of
treatment. … the feasible maintenance dose of prednisolone (PSL) in the biologic therapy era. …

… A few cases of tuberculosis were reported in observational studies [3], so that screening
and preventive measures should be considered before starting a biologic therapy. …

… Takayasu arteritis were inadequately controlled with or were intolerant to conventional
immunosuppressive therapy (… %–99%) over the biological treatment period compared with 58.7% (…

… warrant appropriate biologic treatment. In this regard, the Turkish Takayasu Arteritis Study
Group … as secondor third-line biologic therapy, rather than as the first-line biologic therapy (51). …

… of large vessel vasculitis: can we separate giant cell arteritis from Takayasu arteritis? … deserve
appropriate biologic treatment. With this regard, the Turkish Takayasu Arteritis Study Group …

… Changes in parameters 12 months after the initiation of biologics treatment. Data are shown
as … In conclusion, biological treatments resulted in a decrease in inflammatory markers and …

… by glucocorticoid-resistant or relapsing Takayasu arteritis (TA). … , the reasons for biologic
therapy interruption and the factors … Biologic therapy was introduced because of poor disease …