… as biotechnology. Those regions exhibiting the greatest success in developing biotechnology
clusters … Between 1990 and 1999, private investment in the biopharmaceutical industry has …

… clusters in US biotechnology to develop. The USA was the first country where the biotechnology
… clusters or agglomerations of activity developing in particular locations. We look at the …

… However, as several of the biotechnology clusters overlap with or are built close to previous
… The impetus to cluster within California had not yet been saturated in the early 1990s. …

… of cluster creation in biotech, primarily based on five in-depth case studies of biotech clusters
… Until the middle of the 1990s, however, the number of biotech firms was very low and there …

… The biotech regions Munich and Rhineland, both winner … the situation in Hamburg where
biotechnology is much less … range of firms within the biotechnological value chain and the forms …

… geography, biotechnology is intrinsically challenging. Moreover, biotechnology clusters are
… makers world wide during the 1980s and 1990s. Most of these efforts were unsuccessful on …

… Regional systems of innovation are broader than single sectors or clusters but some of these
… The paper devotes space to exploring biotechnology clustering from a regional innovation …

… Furthermore, until the end of the 1990s, the commercialization of biotechnological
research has not been at the top of the agendas of policy makers in Austria. Support for …

… Thus new biotechnology firms often set up in regions that … of the characteristics of Canadian
clusters in biotechnology: the key … Toronto is the main center of biotechnology in Canada, …

… and biotechnology. The first grew up in the late 1950s to develop fully in the 1960s, 1970s
and 1980s. Biotechnology … and early 1990s but is still in its infancy compared with computing. …