… kidney disease determined using the KDOQI system. Thus, BOLD-MRI of a non-specific patient
… failed to discriminate between the patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease. …

… kidney disease outcomes quality initiative (K/DOQI) proposed by National Kidney Foundation
[14]; (3) without contraindications of MRI … with other kidney diseases such as kidney stones, …

… the kidney capsula. Besides, the majority of subjects in the present study had less advanced
stage I–III kidney disease… ; in patients with preserved differentiation, BOLD-MRI is a reliable, …

… patients with chronic kidney disease (defined as the presence of structural kidney damage,
… of renal tissue oxygenation on the progression of kidney diseases. The protocol of the study …

… programmes perform BOLD imaging, as BOLD-MRI is a … The benefit of BOLD-MRI is that
no contrast is needed (which … basis for creating the BOLD-MRI image signal (Figures 1-3). …

… Renal tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia are key elements in the pathophysiology of acute
kidney injury and its progression to chronic kidney disease. Yet, in vivo assessment of renal …

… magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) does not reflect renal function in chronic kidney
disease (… well as on the etiology of the underlying kidney disease. The causes of chronic renal …

… BOLD MRI has proven sensitive to the deoxygenated hemoglobin content, and in the kidney,
… Second, we investigated the reproducibility of intrarenal BOLD MRI in response to altered …

… Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can affect oxygenation levels in renal … of the disease. The
goal of this study was to detect and assess renal oxygenation levels in CKD using BOLD MRI. …

… BOLD MRI … that BOLD MRI can be used to identify enhanced hypoxia associated with CKD
and the preliminary observations are consistent with the chronic hypoxia model for disease …