… distribution of … distributional effects of a CO 2 tax vis-à-vis a multiple GHG tax on different
segments of society in the UK. In addition, in this study we analyze how the distributional effects …

… distributional effects, from car use and car choice adaptation to three car-related policy
instruments intended to reduce CO 2 emissions … which has important distributional consequences. …

… and transport items, the result of the tax has the greatest impact on the consumption of lower
level income households, and thus the distributional effects become even more important. …

… The latter is the consumption item causing the largest welfare loss and the main driver
behind the progressive distributional effect in taxing CO 2 emission from energy use. …

… A tax levied on the carbon content of individual fossil fuels burned for energy will therefore
be precisely equivalent to a CO2 emission tax in its effect. However, this equivalence applies …

… We find that the distributional effects depend on the recycling of revenues. Using them to
reduce labor taxation attenuates the negative effect of carbon tax on GDP and employment but …

… The focus of this paper has been on the revenue and distributional effects of carbon taxes …
In their most commonly used forms, taxes and permits have very different distributional effects. …

… While climate policies can have adverse distributional effects, non… climate policies to minimise
any adverse distributional effects. … We argue that the distributional effects of many effective …

… Based on the input–output data and the actual CO 2 emissions reductions in 2014, we
find the following results for three German consumer groups: low, middle and high income. (We …

… that would arise in the poorest households from a USD 30 per ton CO 2 price increase and
how they differ across countries. Second, we map the distributional effects of a carbon price …