… of light forms within a photo refractive crystal, electric charges … one of the deflect ed beams
combine with the peaks of one of … from the other deflected beam combine with the val leys from …

… Chen published the first charge migration model 4) in 1969 specific to ferroelectric crystals.
The model used the spontaneous polarisation characteristic of such materials combined with …

… The results can be combined with Maxwell's equations to obtain the nonlinear wave
equations for two- and four-wave mixing. Solutions appropriate to picosecond to microsecond …

… A further approach is based on the pyroelectric effect combined … The diversity of photorefractive
effects allows the … firstly observed and interpreted in photorefractive crystals. It concerns, …

… size as long as the photorefractive crystal can be made correspondingly large. We characterized
the transmission properties for images in photorefractive phase conjugation schemes. …

… (PR) materials are multifunctional materials which combine photoconductivity and an
electro… has focused exclusively on inorganic materials, such as ferroelectric crystals (LiNbO 3 , …

… Under the combined application of very low intensity laser beams (1.8 mW/… the
photorefractive-like nature of the gratings. Interesting results are obtained using two different liquid …

… photorefractive crystals makes it possible, for example, when there is two-wave mixing on
such crystals… -optic effect and the combined action of the inverse piezoelectric and photoelastic …

… In photorefractive crystals, the latter case is assumed and … basic importance for the
photorefractive effect, we first consider … in electro-optic crystals, including bulk photovoltaic effects …

… We report on the presence of a strong photovoltaic effect on nominally undoped photorefractive
Bi 2 TeO 5 crystals and estimated their Glass photovoltaic constant and photovoltaic field …