… for COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the immune characteristics of COVID-19 and …
, their effect on disease outcomes, and their implications for potential COVID-19 treatments. …

… Here, we describe the immune responses and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, suggesting
a hint for developing novel procedures to manage SARS-CoV-2 infection and to decrease …

… Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For this reason, many researchers have tried to
implement therapies to mitigate the cytokine storm in the treatment of COVID-19 … in COVID-19 …

… In conclusion, the treatment strategy for patients with COVID-19 should be carefully designed
based on both viral kinetics and immunopathogenesis. However, pandemic infection with …

… knowledge of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis is crucially … of patients with COVID-19
provide valuable information with … pathological changes observed in COVID-19 within the most …

… many unsolved issues in COVID-19 and other … immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 is
presented under the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis. Every disease, including COVID-19, …

… the COVID-19 pandemic … COVID-19 infection is reviewed and combined with knowledge
about the immunopathogenic mechanisms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (…

… manifestations in Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). … causing the pathological
manifestations of COVID-19. Lethal forms of … Current therapeutic approach for COVID-19 is in favor …

… Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection which is caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus… are major components of COVID-19 pathogenesis. The former …

… for the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19. Last, we propose the potential of therapeutic
plasma exchange (TPE) to treat cytokine storm in severe COVID-19. We believe that TPE is able …