… We discuss patient stratification and propose an algorithm to guide the use of immunotherapy
strategies in the clinic. This will not only help guide treatment decisions, but may also help …

… therapeutic antibodies in the COVID-19 treatment are comprehensively discussed. … Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus …

… The search strategies are available in the supplementary data (Table S2). Titles and …
review, immunotherapy is an efficient therapeutic option intervention against COVID-19 and the …

… On the other hand, both immunotherapy strategies … immunotherapy strategies, more in-deep
studies are needed to understand the mechanism of the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. …

… Showing therapeutic efficacy against other viral respiratory infections, cell therapy has been
developed as an attractive treatment strategy in COVID-19 (J. Du et al., 2020). In this section…

… Passive immunotherapy via neutralizing antibodies has been considered as a possible
strategy for defeating COVID-19 apart from anti-viral therapeutics and vaccines (Fig. 1). …

… Finally, as a natural source of polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, high-titre
convalescent plasma from COVID-19 survivors might provide passive immunotherapy 40,41 . …

… for passive immunotherapy with satisfactory results so this technique has importance in
the treatment of COVID-19. A major role in the development of passive immunotherapy with …

… What we have learned from immunotherapy that can be used for treating COVID-19 … Cellular
immunotherapy may be used in treating COVID-19 by either targeting virus-infected cells or …

… Cytokines play a central role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, emerging both as useful
biomarkers in predicting disease evolution and as strategic targets for therapy. Discrete clusters …