… severe COVID-19 illness. Finally, we assessed the acute phase antiinflammatory response of
… Here, we define the COVID-19 cytokinemia and the inflammatory phenotype of the critically …

… inflammation initiated by viral replication [14]. In this review, we tried to discuss and
report possible mechanisms of inflammatory responses … immune response, reduce pro-inflammatory …

… response against SARS-CoV-2 and the relationship between the protective and inflammatory
responses and COVID-19 … challenges posed by COVID-19 pandemics. The immune …

… A comparison of immune responses in COVID-19 and in severe influenza performed using
… that COVID-19 was characterized by a more robust TNF/IL-1β-driven inflammatory response …

… type I IFN response in severe and critical COVID-19 patients, accompanied by high blood
viral load and an excessive NF-κB–driven inflammatory response associated with increased …

… Covid-19, as well as upregulated inflammatory responses, and their effects on alveolar integrity
require further study. Autopsy results of a Covid-19 … , pro-inflammatory concentrates and …

… inflammation via angiotensin II, and ACE2 alters RAS activity from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory
responses… abnormal immune response and pulmonary inflammation. Decreasing …

… and uncontrolled inflammatory responses in severe and critical patients with COVID-19. These
… The immune patterns of COVID-19 are outlined in detail in the following sections (Fig. 1). …

… in severe COVID-19 cases (22). … -inflammatory responses to LPS (15) raises the possibility
that the combination of elevated IL-10 and bacterial products drives inflammation in COVID-19…

… -2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is thought to underpin COVID-19 … COVID-19 cases and found
that the early immune response … inflammatory response that is associated with severe COVID-…