… , through either the pro-inflammatory cytokines or the activation of the … in COVID-19. Here,
we review the current understanding of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with COVID-19 …

… The term ‘cytokine storm syndrome’ is perhaps one of the critical … COVID-19 disease severity.
In this review, we highlight prominent cytokine families and their potential role in COVID-19, …

… When COVI-19 infect the upper and lower respiratory tract it can cause mild or highly acute
… of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. The binding of COVI-19 …

… between these cytokines and severe or critical cases of COVID-19, we could hypothesize
that anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF antibodies could be effective for reducing COVID-19 mortality. In the …

… Whilst initial reports of CSS in severe/critical COVID-19 were debated, many subsequent
studies reframed the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines as a moderate cytokine …

… of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus) is the
overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines arising from excessive immune cell activation (ie, …

… pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines have also been under the focus of
research in COVID-19… cytokines that have shown dysregulated levels in COVID-19 patients …

… COVID-19 syndrome is characterized by the uncontrolled and elevated release of pro-inflammatory
cytokines and … and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the clinical manifestations of …

… by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release in patients with severe COVID-19, leading to
… Therefore, mechanisms underlying immune abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 must …

… of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, secreted by immune effector cells. …
cytokine storm also occurs in the recently emerged novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). …