… , through either the pro-inflammatory cytokines or the activation of the … in COVID-19. Here,
we review the current understanding of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with COVID-19 …

… The term ‘cytokine storm syndrome’ is perhaps one of the critical … COVID-19 disease severity.
In this review, we highlight prominent cytokine families and their potential role in COVID-19, …

… by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release in patients with severe COVID-19, leading to
… Therefore, mechanisms underlying immune abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 must …

… COVID-19 poses an increasing threat to humans with a fatality rate of 6.4 % so far (4). COVID-19
… of a large amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines in an event known as “cytokine storm.” …

… local proinflammatory cytokine levels in the olfactory epithelium in patients with COVID-19.
Biopsies of the olfactory epithelium were taken from patients with confirmed COVID-19 as …

… of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, secreted by immune effector cells. …
cytokine storm also occurs in the recently emerged novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). …

… Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19) involves humans as well as animals and may cause serious damage
to the respiratory tract, including the lung: coronavirus disease (COVI-19)… When COVI-19 …

… Our findings confirm a defined cytokine signature in severe COVID-19 (with elevated IL-2,
IL-6… the role of IP-10, G-CSF and IL-33 in the cytokine milieu associated with severe COVID-19. …

… cytokines in COVID-19-associated CS. We will particularly emphasize the role of GM-CSF …
G-CSF cytokines and other emerging therapeutic strategies adopted to mitigate COVID-19. …

… between these cytokines and severe or critical cases of COVID-19, we could hypothesize
that anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF antibodies could be effective for reducing COVID-19 mortality. In the …