… Case studies and applications of Industry 5.0 over the last … We believe that Industry 5.0 of
virtual-real interactive parallel … from CPS-based Industry 4.0 to CPSS-based Industry 5.0 for a …

… constructed by cyber-physicalsocial systems (CPSS). 1 What is parallel intelligence? …
of acquiring, creating and supporting intelligence for parallel systems that consist of two or …

… industry has attracted much attention from the industrial and the academic communities. The
concept of “parallel … capability of directly extending human and social intelligence. Currently, …

… It may even evolve into Industrial 5.0 in the future, and that will be a parallel era.10, 11 … of
industrial systems (see Figure 2B).11 Overall, the evolution process of global industrial systems …

… serve as the operating systems of industrial parallel machines that provide sustainable data
… one hand, IFM can efficiently manage various resources in industrial parallel machines via …

… into consideration from the perspective of cyber-physical-social systems (CPSSs), in …
systems, whereby we will step toward AGI and Industry 5.0.A great number of related applications …

… social factors, such as environment, society, and human to support the future process industry,
the cyber–physical–social … The human factors are considered into parallel oil fields, which …

… A novel cyber-physical-social system (CPSS) with parallel … the conventional cyber-physical
system to the social space with … As a promising system architecture of industry, CPSS is well …

… has becoming the past in quite a few places in our industries and societies. Digital twins, …
And that is one of the primary questions of social intelligence: why and how the group intelligent …

… pressure for both domestic and industrial purposes. Hence, … Digital intelligence (DI) and
cyber-physical-social systems (… , artificial intelligence, digital twins, metaverses, and parallel …