Cytokine storm: the primary determinant for the pathophysiological evolution of COVID-19 deterioration

R Chen, Z Lan, J Ye, L Pang, Y Liu, W Wu… - Frontiers in …, 2021 - frontiersin.org
… and death in COVID-19 patients. Consequently, it is … cytokine storms promote the deterioration
of COVID-19. Here, we outline the pathophysiological processes through which cytokine

Humoral immune responses in COVID-19 patients: a window on the state of the art

G Siracusano, C Pastori, L Lopalco - Frontiers in immunology, 2020 - frontiersin.org
… virus and the viral-mediated responses, in order to develop specific … COVID-19 patients.
Here, we review the current studies on two viral mediated-responses, specifically the cytokine

An inflammatory cytokine signature helps predict COVID-19 severity and death

DMD Valle, S Kim-Schulze, HH Huang, N Beckmann… - medRxiv, 2020 - medrxiv.org
COVID-19 is associated with high levels of all four cytokines … that cytokine patterns are
predictive of COVID-19 survival and … Interestingly, the COVID-19-related cytokine response was …

The role of cytokines including interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced pneumonia and macrophage activation syndrome-like disease

D McGonagle, K Sharif, A O'Regan, C Bridgewood - Autoimmunity reviews, 2020 - Elsevier
COVID-19 pulmonary immunopathology and describe the potential benefits or disadvantages
of IL-6 … drive systemic cytokine responses. Therefore, phase 3 studies based on elevated …

Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19

JB Moore, CH June - Science, 2020 - science.org
… As the authors state in their article, "lymphopenia as a biomarker of poor prognosis for
COVID-19 is not specific", we may question how IL-6 levels can be evaluated as specific factors …

Photobiomodulation improves serum cytokine response in mild to moderate COVID-19: The first randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, pilot study

SM Marashian, M Hashemian, M Pourabdollah… - Frontiers in …, 2022 - frontiersin.org
… Measurement of IL-6 was our main evaluation criterion because its changes in the COVID-19
control to achieve optimal treatment response and outcome. The ability of PBM to decrease …

[HTML][HTML] COVID-19: Unanswered questions on immune response and pathogenesis

E Maggi, GW Canonica, L Moretta - Journal of Allergy and Clinical …, 2020 - Elsevier
… to mount an adequate immune response to the virus, … cytokines, chemokines, and acute-phase
proteins. Indeed most IC patients with COVID-19 show high levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6

[HTML][HTML] Early identification of COVID-19 cytokine storm and treatment with anakinra or tocilizumab

A Langer-Gould, JB Smith, EG Gonzales… - International Journal of …, 2020 - Elsevier
… While it is unclear why tocilizumab was chosen over anakinra in the early COVID-19
outbreak, we speculate that it may be because IL-6, unlike IL-1, is relatively easy to measure in …

Drug repurposing and cytokine management in response to COVID-19: A review

L Heimfarth, MR Serafini, PR Martins-Filho… - International …, 2020 - Elsevier
… also plays a pivotal role in the management COVID-19 patients due to its ability to prevent …
that could modulate cytokines levels and play a part in the management of COVID-19. Several …

Targeting inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19

Q Huang, X Wu, X Zheng, S Luo, S Xu… - Pharmacological Research, 2020 - Elsevier
… The immune dysregulation in severe COVID-19 individuals was driven by IL-6 [12] and the
IL-6 … Therefore, IL-6 may be a potential target cytokine to treat COVID-19 related ARDS. IL-6