… Therefore, the enigma regarding the high mortally rate associated with COVID-19 is most
probably explained by a cytokine storm. Understanding this pathogenetic pathway may lead to …

… SARS-CoV-2, as the causative agent of COVID-19, is an enveloped positives-sense
single-… reaction named cytokine storm is occurred in patients with severe/critical COVID-19, …

… which target the COVID-19 induced cytokine storm. As this is not exclusive to COVID-19,
we can … released by the immune system in response to pathogenic material ( Figure 1 ). The …

… cytokine storm as their rationale (NCT04306705, NCT04322773). A critical evaluation of the
term cytokine storm and its relevance to COVID-19 … in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 with its …

… opinion, to define the severe COVID-19 as a MAS-like syndrome… COVID-19, we observe a
virally induced cytokine storm … release of cytokines, independent of the pathogenic trigger [25]. …

… Importantly, COVID-19 patients have developed … a COVID-19 patient with pulmonary
pathology [7,8]. These phenomena suggest that severe pulmonary inflammation and cytokine storm …

… However, the cytokine storm in COVID-19 surely does not develop directly as an immune …
failure [95] due to COVID-19 [93]. A cytokine profile resembling systemic lupus erythematosus (…

… profiles to SARS-CoV-2 infection and supports the association between COVID-19
pathogenesis and aberrant cytokine release; CXCL10 in particular was upregulated in peripheral …

… (3) The manifestations due to secondary pathogenic processes: … COVID-19 (8). The mixed
manifestations make the identification of cytokine storm and actual pathogenesis of COVID-19 …

… In view of the above observations, therapeutic strategies to treat the cytokine storm in the
pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 pneumonia deserve special attention. In accordance with …