… with and without the cytokine storm to understand the specific immunopathological
mechanisms and biomarkers for severe disease. After cytokine storm resolves, an immunologic …

… and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine responses … for virus-induced
immunopathological events in causing fatal … may cause lung immunopathology leading to …

… Cytokines are intricately linked to cell death mechanisms in mammals and are involved in
a positive feedback loop, whereby cytokine … Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) has generally …

… of cytokine storm; hence, various mechanisms, immunological pathways, and functions of
cytokines and … A thorough understanding of cytokines’ molecular pathways and their activation …

… The inadequate immune response to the virus has been proposed as a possible
mechanism in the development of cytokine storms during SARS-CoV-2 infection [36,37]. As …

… Cytokines play a pivotal role in these control mechanisms by regulating the immune
response, which they can, thus, amplify but also dissolve. By default, their comparatively short …

… role in the risk of a cytokine storm, and subsequently acute … It seems that “cytokine storm”
phenomenon in elderly … the dysregulation of cytokine networks and possibly a cytokine storm in …

… as “cytokine storm” is … mechanisms and their interactions and treatments, but it must also
identify the signs and interventions that may broadly prevent CSS-induced immunopathology…

… cytokine storm induction and progression, with profiles of cytokines released during cytokine
storm … This review focuses on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cytokine storm …

… immunopathological characteristics of COVID-19 and focus on CS including the current
research status of the different cytokines … features of COVID-19, especially the CS; its mechanism …