… Current treatment options are associated with significant … cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and
tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). At the same time, production of appropriate amounts of IL-6 …

… 2 Cytokine storm The term “cytokine storm” was used to characterize the excessive immune
… virus infection, autoimmune illness, and immunotherapies. It was first used to describe RA …

… , as well as the implication of cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) in cases of SARS… option for
reducing mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2. This article aims to review the role of cytokines …

… IL-6 is a central player in the cytokine storm acting as a tissue injury enhancer, through
the mechanisms of transcription induction via JAK-STAT and increased pulmonary capillary …

… elevation of the levels of multiple cytokines. In COVID‑19, this … Immunoregulatory therapies
target the cytokine storms induced … In this review, cytokine storms caused by SARS‑CoV‑2 …

… (22, 23), suggesting plasma exchange may be a reasonable option for severe patients
with cytokine storm. In a preliminary study, therapeutic plasma exchange reduced the plasma …

… a paradigm shift in cancer immunotherapeutics, with remarkable … Each of these is characterized
by cytokine storm and … , highlight emerging management options, and identify gaps in our …

… of targeted immunotherapy agents that block cytokine signaling 44. Given that JAK inhibitors
decrease cytokine expression and interfere with cytokine signaling pathways including IL-6 …

… Cytokine storm was previously known as an influenza type syndrome occurring after the
systemic infection including sepsis and after immunotherapy … cytokines leading to cytokine storm …

… review of COVID-19 pathophysiology or of cytokine storm, but rather to establish a
foundation … of this cytokine to restore balance may be a preferable option to blocking pro-inflammatory …