… immune system and shows a clinical phenotype characterized by alternating periods of
exacerbation and remission [1]. It is known that innate and adaptive immune … the immune system …

… The immune system secretes soluble mediators to instruct both innate and adaptive immune
… Clark and Vissel review the history of cytokine storm and highlight the roles cytokines play …

… human innate and adaptive immune systems consist of effector cells producing cytokines
(… chain reactions resulting in a massive release of cytokines. This may result in a drastic self-…

… It is responsible for activating both innate and adaptive immune responses so that the
damage can be resolved and homeostasis restored. The characteristic signs of inflammation …

… The immune responses (innate and adaptive immunity) are … , however, uncontrolled
immune responses can result in … Given IL-6 plays a critical role in cytokine storm, IL-6 receptor …

… In addition to quantitating circulating pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines, we evaluated
adaptive and innate immune systems via serial ELISpot assays of T cell IFN-ɣ and monocyte …

… dysfunctional bridge adaptive immunity, the innate immune response becomes exaggerated
due to the lack of feedback from the adaptive immune cells. The resultant cytokine storm is …

… , especially cytokines and … innate and adaptive immune responses. In this article, we review
current understanding of events leading to the induction of the innate and adaptive immune …

… of innate immune system activation and adaptive immune system dysregulation in older
adults and how they potentiate the consequences of the COVID-19-related cytokine storm, and …

… innate and adaptive immune responses 7 and are the obvious candidates for the suppressors
of the lethal cytokine storm… (I:C)-induced cytokine production by cells of the innate immune …