… following their own design optimization formulation. A typical partition used for target
cascading in vehicle design is partially shown in Figure 1. Precise cascading of product targets …

… article target cascading is formalized by a process modeled as a multilevel optimal design …
statement of the target cascading process is given for a product design example composed of …

… target cascading (ATC) and collaborative optimization (CO) … analyses using a multidisciplinary
design optimization (MDO) … discipline-based decomposed system optimization problems, …

Decomposition-based optimization techniques are attractive for designing complex systems
in industrial practice, such as design of structural, aerospace or automotive systems. …

… the robust design optimization … design target cascading technique which integrates 4 design
and analysis techniques, and the suggested design method uses the method of cascading …

… This article thus presents a simulation-based design optimization model that: (a) is rigorous;
(b) facilitates computational decision support for meeting performance goals; (c) allows …

… In the field of engineering design optimization, designers must take various coupling
parameters from different components of the product into account simultaneously during the …

… in use for aircraft conceptual design,3 and multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO)
methods used for aircraft preliminary design. Top level system targets are cascaded through all …

… as a multi-level optimization problem referred to as analytical target cascading (ATC). The
… comes from a need to demonstrate how target cascading will work for a problem of realistic …

… in the design of complex engineering systems. To ease MDO problems, analytical target
cascading (… between two adjacent levels in the design optimization process; however, existing …