… on dominant angle cardinality and FDD angle correlation, we propose directional training
to acquire downlink CSI for FDD massive MIMO. Directional training has two main steps. In …

… , we develop an efficient downlink training scheme to estimate the downlink … direction (ie,
dedicated pilot). However, this approach using the dedicated pilots will result in large training …

… training for acquiring CSI consumes a significant portion of the radio resources in FDD massive
MIMO … In other words, the path of direction θ is resolved by the nth angular basis vector if (…

… In the vertical direction, we have for the … training sequences in FDD multiuser massive MIMO
systems that exploit users’ spatial correlations. With optimized designs, a number of training …

… paths and directional beamforming with a large number of … estimation scheme for FDD
massive MIMO systems, which … scheme is proposed for FDD massive MIMO systems, and …

… to a reasonable performance is a direction for future work. … learning approach to design a
downlink FDD massive MIMO … In particular, this paper presents an end-to-end FDD downlink …

… of bi-directional training (BiT), designed for time-division duplex (TDD) systems, to FDD systems
… Stanczak, “FDD massive MIMO channel spatial covariance conversion using projection …

… We consider adopting an OFDM model in FDD massive MIMO systems. The BS is equipped
… Bletsas, “Limited feedback channel estimation in massive MIMO with nonuniform directional …

… In this paper, we continue the direction of covariance-aided downlink training and channel
estimation for FDD massive MIMO systems. Specifically, we study the asymptotic behavior of …

… training sequence that needs to be used to design the precoding at the BS in order to achieve
a maximum achievable sum rate in an FDD … spread in the azimuth direction. The following …