… and the gain coefficient under the externally applied dc electric field have been derived.
The theory developed in this paper could be applicable to the other photorefractive materials. …

… in the undoped GaAs under an applied dc electric field has not yet been reported. In this …
net photorefractive gain can be achieved in this type of crystals under a de electric field without …

… The improved quality of the films allows the application of high electric fields, enabling the
observation of complete diffraction and large optical gain using a low-power laser diode. 口 …

… results obtained with CdTe:V photorefractive crystals under an external dc or low-frequency
square-shaped periodic electric field. The majority photorefractive carriers are holes at 1.32 …

… their ability to survive the large potentials required to enhance the gain. Furthermore, we
also explain how application of large electric fields ultimately cause dielectric breakdown. …

… A photorefractive gain ratio of 1.88 was observed. This gain ratio was achieved with low
applied electric fields (0.4 kilovolts per centimeter) requiring only a 1.5-volt battery and low light …

… the photorefractive effect through the application of time-varying (square-wave) electric fields…
Furthermore, we show that the diffraction efficiency, the gain, and the phase of the response …

… The effect of a local electric field upon photogeneration efficiency was … , photorefractive
gain, diffraction efficiency, and birefringence on the applied field of a novel photorefractive …

… Enhancements in the photorefractive two-beam coupling gain can be achieved in sillenite
crystals such as Bi 12 SiO 20 (BSO) and Bi 12 TiO 20 (BTO) through the use of nonstationary …

… It is generally expected that reversing the direction of the applied electric field will not
affect the absolute value of the gain, because Δn∝E 2 is solely determined by the applied …