… However, the mechanisms of gene–environment correlations and the potential causal effects
of … of gene–environment correlation for childhood maltreatment and the causal relationship …

… as negative life events or divorce) and that environmental effects are reduced when these
gene–environmental correlations are taken into account by treating them as a genetic effect. …

… Genotype–environment correlation can arise from the causal effects of genotypes and
from other processes. Natural selection and genetic drift give rise to ancestral differences in …

… For example, the association between marital conflict and depression may reflect the tensions
that arise when engaging with a depressed spouse rather than a causal effect of marital …

… the built environment and travel behavior, and, second, to more directly test the general
hypothesis that the built environment has a causal effect on travel behavior. Causal relationships …

… evolution map in the presence of initial system-environment correlations requires a quantum
generalization of a key notion from classical causal modeling, that of the do conditional, …

… environmental causation. In keeping with numerous other writers, it is noted that a causal
effect is … The focus is also strictly on environmental factors that might have a causal effect (as …

… To test this causal effect hypothesis, we tested the genetic or environmental correlation between
the latent … Both the genetic and environmental correlation should be significant if there is …

… effects operate through dimensional risk features rather than directly on disorder, some …
effects are dependent on gene–environment correlations and interactions, and genetic effects …

… Understanding the impact of environment on the formation and … correlations in large simulated
populations sheds some light on these impacts, but the causal effect of an environment on …