… teaching of trace element and mineral nutrition to students and health professionals and
enhance their ability to provide sound dietary and medical advice to their clients and patients. …

… future research and clinical diagnosis of trace elements deficiencies or intoxications. …
important gaps in our knowledge on trace elements, especially probably essential trace elements…

… nutrition (TPN), especially for prolonged periods. The key features of an essential trace element
… are reversible on provision of the element. This has been convincingly demonstrated in …

… Research dunng the past quarter of a century has identified as essential six trace elements
… only the present state of1 nutritional trace element research by, discussing three elements …

… to an area of nutrition that is of growing clinical relevance. An attempt has been made to
summarize the clinical significance of the “new” trace elements and the recent advances in our …

… the clinician to begin complete nutrition and to include recommended trace elements early
on. The … dietary allowances of trace minerals. In humans, more than 60 minerals compose ap- …

… development of trace element deficiency states. In general, trace element deficiencies can
… in patients maintained on prolonged parenteral nutrition without trace element supplements. …

… Trace elements also known as trace minerals, are the chemical … They are necessary for the
optimal development and metabolic functioning … Marginal or severe essential trace element …

… Early signs of toxicity of essential trace elements are important. Some trace elements are …
Physicochemically similar trace elements compete for ligands, impairing functions, which is …

… , the excessive levels of these elements can be toxic for the body … and biological important
of a variety of trace elements. … Zn is an essential trace element that functions as a cofactor for …