… try to extract several recaptured features to address the problem of face liveness detection. …
distribution and blurriness are taken as discriminative features, and SVM is used to classify …

… for face spoof detection, since prior CNN based face liveness detection approaches employ
… deep features and compares them on a common ground for face liveness detection in videos…

… liveness detection approaches are categorized based on the various types techniques used
for liveness detection… For the final one ie fusion-based feature extraction, the authors utilizes …

… feature extraction block is only a cropped face of user it may be live or fake. Features used to
find the liveness … basic image properties are used in liveness detection like energy, entropy, …

… In this paper, a new software-based liveness detection approach … The feature vectors of a
fingerprint are constructed through multi-… feature extraction during fingerprint liveness detection. …

… feature extraction is the shallow basic feature. It is unrealistic to assume that two types of
features played the same role in liveness detection, … In addition, the high dimensional features …

… , feature extraction, dimensionality reduction or classification). This modification speeded-up
the validation phase by approximately 10 times, although the gain can greatly vary as it …

… In this section, a blinking-based liveness detection approach is introduced … features extracted
from the image for defining the intermediate observation. For example, silhouette features …

… based feature extraction This paper utilizes Support Vector Machine (SVM)[12] classifier to
learn liveness detectors with the feature … The fusion-based method extracts a feature vector by …

… is ready to the next step of feature extraction. The output biometric template of feature
extraction process is a distinguishable sample with distinct features that allows classifier to decide …