… This paper investigates the relationship between geopolitical risk (GPR) and stock market
volatility from a global perspective. We use dynamic panel data including 32 countries and …

… We observe that the global economy suffers high geopolitical risk during the first Gulf War in
1991 and the 9/11 terrorist attack in 2001, which is accompanied by economic recessions as …

… We first describe the definitions of geopolitics and geopolitical risk adopted in our paper. We
… This is the perspective we adopt here. We define geopolitical risk as the threat, realization, …

… property of oil from the perspective of geopolitical risk (GPR). … with geopolitical events, which
reflects the pattern of global … In the context of a tense and complex global relationship, the …

… Though it provided useful information regarding the changing intensity of current and future
geopolitical risk, it does not reveal much about the geographical transition of metals primary …

… the cross-country spillovers of geopolitical risk (GPR) in the form … Geopolitical risk (GPR)
has become an increasingly complex … evolving and globally integrated geopolitical landscape, …

… of geopolitical risks on oil prices. Many studies have demonstrated that geopolitical risk would
… [25] investigate different categories of geopolitical risks and find that geopolitical acts have …

… This study examines the influence of geopolitical risk, political risk, natural resources, and
… found that geopolitical risk, mineral rents, and exports are positive, while political risk and oil …

… of both global and country-level geopolitical risks. Additionally, we observe how geopolitical
risks … , while the FSIs of Germany and France demonstrate resilience to geopolitical risks. …

… We define geopolitical risk as the potential for disruption of political-… of geopolitical risk as
emanating from three interconnected systems: (a) political, (b) economic, and (c) natural. A risk …