… To investigate phenotypic variability and egg discrimination among host species, we devised
a single measure of phenotypic distance between any two eggs in the population sample. …

… hosts of parasitic birds discriminate finely against alien eggs, but almost never discriminate
… A theoretical model has shown that an adaptive host response to alien eggs can be based …

… hosts and thus select for the development of host defence mechanisms (Rothstein 1975a,b,
1990; Payne 1977). Host defences, like egg discrimination … , such as egg mimicry and rapid …

… from findings of early egg discrimination studies—but there is … egg discrimination is not limited
by the absence of own eggs … egg (even though they can discriminate the foreign egg) and …

… One common host defence is to reject a parasitic egg that differs from a learned or innate …
As with other types of discrimination [46,47], a host's egg discrimination ability should depend …

… ), but when spots fully covered the eggs, ie the eggshell was plain … use of egg markers in
host’s egg discrimination, suggesting … variation, this might improve hosts’ antiparasite defence. …

… If the host defences are not costly in time, then egg-limitation prevails. Parasitoids should
then be less willing to place their offspring at risk rather than themselves because future …

… the parasite (discrimination and rejection of unlike eggs), … to host defences (eg rejection of
one’s own eggs) such that once the parasite goes extinct on a particular host species, defence …

… We hypothesize that differences in host behavioural types, rather than host egg discrimination
ability, may predict host nest defence behaviour against adult brood parasites in general. …

… host eggs, one of which we replaced with a foreign egg. We believe that village weaver eggs
… Rapid increase of host defence against brood parasites in a recently parasitized area: the …