… contrasts between host and parasitic eggs, and among host eggs. We aimed to assess
how different host and parasitic eggs can be if parasitic eggs are laid at random in host nests (…

… Sackmann & Reboreda [29] observed that these rejections occurred rapidly, on the first visit
host parents made to nests after a white egg was added, and we similarly observed two such …

… We introduced the parasitic egg to the host nest during the egg-laying or incubation stages.
… were measured when chicks were still alive and host parents were present at the nests as …

… Avian interspecific brood parasites lay their eggs in nests of host species, often small
passerine birds, and leave parental care of their offspring to the foster parents [1]. This imposes …

… host fitness, rejecting the parasitic eggs and/or nestlings is expected to be advantageous.
Laying parasitic eggs in host … between parasitic chicks and host foster parents, hosts would …

… parental care. It is also possible that the addition of foreign eggs may result in more young
than the host parents are … Monitoriflg host’s egg IayiMg period If a parasite lays its eggs at the …

… To understand why moorhen hosts tolerate parasitic eggs… parents’ parental care to the same
extent that brood parasites, as defined in this study, exploited the parental care of their hosts…

… parasites reduce their own costs associated with parental care and impose them on the
host parents. … host defenses to recognize and reject parasitic eggs. The recently proposed “…

… of parasitic eggs by hosts in populations exposed to low selection pressures by brood parasites.
… in which average host personality is manipulated while keeping host parental qualities …

… host defence against parasitism is rejection of parasitic eggs, … that parasites may employ
different mechanisms for eggs … by hosts: Fine egg mimicry and manipulation of host parental …