… Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe …
of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-…

… of four human coronaviruses, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43,
is … Human coronaviruses ligand plays an important role in the viral life cycle and cross-species …

… HCoV-229E. These two viruses were the focus of HCoV research in the following years, until
… emergence of the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-…

… Rapid virus replication: A notable feature of pathogenic human coronaviruses such as
SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV is that both viruses replicate to high titers very early after infection …

… Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are known respiratory pathogens associated with a range
of respiratory outcomes. In the past 14 years, the onset of severe acute respiratory syndrome …

… The emerging coronavirus disease (COVID-19) swept across the world, affecting … the
COVID-19 virus originated in bats and transmitted to humans through unknown intermediate hosts …

… Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are zoonotic pathogens with large and complex genomes.
Some HCoV accessory proteins were acquired from host … or split during HCoV evolution. Most …

… of COVID-19, with a specific emphasis on cross-reactivity with two other … pathogenic
human coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS…

… of coronavirus. The common proteins involved in coronavirus host–pathogen interactions …
strategies to prevent current and future coronavirus outbreaks. Viral variability necessitates …

… pathogens leading to considerable … of human coronaviruses. Recent studies also shed
light upon the zoonotic origin of emerging human pathogens including SARS-CoV and MERS-…