… The airway epithelial barrier interacts with the respiratory microbiome to shape the
immune response in the lungs. In addition, air pollution may contribute to chronic systemic …

… in the risk of severe COVID-19. Thus, the so called ‘adaptive’ arm of the immune system
seems to be less relevant to COVID-19 than the ‘innate’ immune response. I have offered here a …

… host’s immune response to the virus could influence the outcome of coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19). … These cells launch an antiviral immune response, but are able to completely …

… immune responses to organ damages. Finally, we will briefly state the implications of
these approaches for COVID-19 … or suppression of immune response wherever necessary. …

… , vaccination, and epidemiological control of COVID-19. Thus, our goal is … immune system
during infection and discuss the main immunopathological mechanisms involved in COVID-19, …

… Considering the critical role of the adaptive immune system during the viral clearance, we
have presented the molecular insights of the plausible mechanisms involved in impaired T cell …

… of COVID-19. This review aims to collate the recent immunological studies from patients …
COVID-19, which may give us an insight on (a) the interaction between the host immune system …

… and mortality of COVID-19. This review discusses how aging impacts the immune response
to the virus, focusing on possible strategies to rejuvenate the immune system with stem cell-…

… adaptive arms of immune response in acute and post-acute COVID-19. In addition, we
discussed the pathophysiology that arises because of immune dysfunction in COVID-19 patients, …

… how the immune system changes were related to disease severity in COVID-19 patients. …
responses resulting in a cytokine storm and dysregulation of the immune system, 22 the aim of …